Environmental Genomics Lab · University of Coimbra

The living evidence beneath our feet.

EnGeL reads the soil as an archive — of biodiversity, of adaptation, of the long entanglement between people and the land. We work from field observation to the genome, turning environmental complexity into knowledge.

Who we are

A research group in love with earthworms and their allies — and with the quiet, complex world they hold together.

Our work sits at the meeting point of conservation biology, soil ecology and environmental genomics. We use earthworms and other soil organisms as living instruments — sensors that record how ecosystems function, adapt and persist under natural and human pressure.

From the Amazon and the Azores to Mediterranean soils, we combine fieldwork, molecular tools and next-generation sequencing to ask how biodiversity is generated, disturbed and sustained — and how the traces of people are written into the ground itself.

The questions that move us

Five threads, one interconnected inquiry into the life of soil.

01How does soil biodiversity assemble, and how do we read it through DNA?Metabarcoding
02What do genomes reveal about adaptation to extreme, changing environments?Genomics
03How have ancient human hands shaped the fertility of tropical soils?Anthropic soils
04Can soil organisms serve as sentinels of pollution and ecosystem health?Ecotoxicology
05How do invasion, land use and climate rewrite belowground communities?Global change
The method

From a handful of soil to an ecological insight.

Every finding begins in the field and ends in understanding. The path between them is deliberate — observation, evidence, interpretation — each layer of the ecosystem revealed in turn.

In the fieldSoil sampling in the field
Field · i

Observation & sampling

We work where the questions live — tropical forests, volcanic slopes, agricultural soils and grasslands — recording context and collecting the organisms and sediments that hold the record.

Amazonia · Azores · Galápagos · Mediterranean Europe
In the labHistological cross-section under the microscope
Lab · ii

Molecular evidence

In the wet lab, tissue and soil become data: DNA and RNA extraction, barcoding, library preparation and sequencing on Illumina and real-time Oxford Nanopore platforms.

Genomes · transcriptomes · microbiomes · DNA metabarcoding
In silicoCommunity ordination showing soil fauna response to management
Insight · iii

Analysis & meaning

On the command line and in code, sequences become structure — assemblies, phylogenies, population and landscape genomics — connecting molecular evidence back to living ecosystems and real environmental challenges.

Bioinformatics · population genomics · FAIR & open science
Evidence, visualised

What the data looks like.

A glimpse of the analytical outputs behind our papers — community structure, biodiversity across taxonomic orders, and the workflows that turn raw sequence and literature into knowledge.

Total abundance and OTU richness of soil arthropod orders
Soil biodiversityAbundance and molecular (OTU) richness of soil macro- and mesofauna across arthropod orders — integrating morphological counts with DNA metabarcoding.
Ordination of community composition under different management
Community ecologyOrdination of belowground communities, testing how earthworms and land management reshape composition.
LLM-assisted knowledge extraction workflow
Methods & AIAn LLM-assisted pipeline for mapping soil-fauna evidence from the scientific literature at scale.
The instruments

Field questions, answered with world-class kit.

From soil and tissue to sequence-ready DNA, our molecular facility pairs rapid, high-throughput hardware with the precision our science demands.

Bank of PCR thermal cyclers
PCR thermal-cycler arrayBio-Rad T100 & Analytik Jena Biometra TOne — parallel amplification at scale
Applied Biosystems QuantStudio 3
QuantStudio 3Real-time quantitative PCR
NEXTGENPCR rapid thermal cycler
NEXTGENPCRUltra-rapid thermal cycling
Thermo Scientific NanoDrop One
NanoDrop OneMicro-volume DNA/RNA quantification & purity
BMG LABTECH FLUOstar Omega plate reader
FLUOstar OmegaMulti-mode microplate reader
Benchmark BeadBlaster 24R homogenizer
BeadBlaster 24RBead-mill tissue & soil homogenisation
Leica M125 C stereo microscope
Leica M125 CStereo microscopy & specimen imaging
Why it matters

Research that reaches beyond the lab — into soil health, policy and the future of land.

Our science feeds European soil monitoring, sustainable agriculture and biodiversity conservation, built across three decades of funded, collaborative research.

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Projects & grants, 2010–2030
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Secured as Principal Investigator
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Led as WP Coordinator, BENCHMARKS
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Total portfolio value, all roles
2027–2030

HidroDataCube4EU

Building open, high-resolution soil-hydrology data infrastructure for Europe under the EU Soil Mission.

Horizon EuropePI at UC
2023–2027

BENCHMARKS

Harmonising how Europe monitors soil, defining the biological benchmarks for healthy ground across the continent.

Horizon Europe · €12MWP Leader · UC Coord.
2015–2025

A Worm's Trail

Tracking human settlement across Amazonia through the genomes of earthworms bound to the Dark Earths people made.

NERC · Nat GeographicPI / Co-I
The people

Behind the evidence, a curious and international team.

Ecologists, molecular biologists, bioinformaticians and field researchers working between Coimbra, the UK, Brazil and the wider EU.

Latest from the lab

Recent field notes, papers and milestones.

Lagoa do Fogo, Azores
An invitation

Come and read the soil with us.

We welcome students, collaborators and partners who want to turn environmental evidence into knowledge and action. Whether you bring a question, a dataset, or a place to study — there is room in the investigation.